note

teaching: 15 minutes

exercises: 10 minutes

questions:

• How can I combine existing commands to do new things?

objectives:

• Redirect a command’s output to a file.
• Process a file instead of keyboard input using redirection.
• Construct command pipelines with two or more stages.
• Explain what usually happens if a program or pipeline isn’t given any input to process.
• Explain Unix’s ‘small pieces, loosely joined’ philosophy.