g. Exercises

Answer 1 is not descriptive enough, and the purpose of the commit is unclear; and answer 2 is redundant to using “git diff” to see what changed in this commit; but answer 3 is good: short, descriptive, and imperative.

1. Would only create a commit if files have already been staged.
2. Would try to create a new repository.
3. Is correct: first add the file to the staging area, then commit.
4. Would try to commit a file “my recent changes” with the message myfile.txt.

First we make our changes to the mars.txt and venus.txt files:

$ nano mars.txt
$ cat mars.txt

Maybe I should start with a base on Venus.

$ nano venus.txt
$ cat venus.txt

Venus is a nice planet and I definitely should consider it as a base.

Now you can add both files to the staging area. We can do that in one line:

$ git add mars.txt venus.txt

Or with multiple commands:

$ git add mars.txt
$ git add venus.txt

Now the files are ready to commit. You can check that using git status. If you are ready to commit use:

$ git commit -m "Write plans to start a base on Venus"

[main cc127c2]
 Write plans to start a base on Venus
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 venus.txt

If needed, move out of the planets folder:

$ cd ..

Create a new folder called bio and ‘move’ into it:

$ mkdir bio
$ cd bio

Initialise git:

$ git init

Create your biography file me.txt using nano or another text editor. Once in place, add and commit it to the repository:

$ git add me.txt
$ git commit -m "Add biography file" 

Modify the file as described (modify one line, add a fourth line). To display the differences between its updated state and its original state, use git diff:

$ git diff me.txt